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FAMILY RESILIENCE AND ROLE NEGOTIATION AMONG KAILI WOMEN IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Jusmiati Jusmiati
Al-Qalam,
Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Al Qalam
Abstract
This study examines the dynamics of family resilience and role negotiation among Kaili women in Central
Sulawesi, Indonesia, within socio-cultural, economic, and ecological contexts. Using a qualitative
interpretive approach grounded in family resilience theory and gender analysis, data were collected
through in-depth interviews and observations involving six Kaili women from Palu City and Donggala
Regency. The findings reveal that Kaili women play a central role in sustaining family resilience through
three primary mechanisms: emotional regulation, their role as guardians of family cohesion, and the
internalization of cultural values that underpin family resilience. Emotional regulation enables women to
manage conflict constructively and maintain family stability, while flexible role negotiation facilitates the
equitable distribution of responsibilities between husbands and wives. Furthermore, family resilience is
strengthened by local cultural concepts such as bulonggo and taiganja, which position women as central
figures in the maintenance, continuity, and well-being of family life. The study finds that resilience among
Kaili families is not merely an individual psychological capacity but a relational and culturally embedded
process shaped by collective values, kinship relations, and indigenous belief systems. By integrating
insights from family psychology, gender studies, and local wisdom, this study contributes to a
contextualized understanding of resilience that challenges individualistic paradigms and highlights its
collective, gendered, and culturally grounded dimensions.
Keywords
- Abubakar, F., Saadah, M., & Na’mah, U. 2023. The Transformation of the Dilemma of Role Exchange in the Household: Analyzed Gender in Family Resilience Discourse in National Law and Islamic Law. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v21i1.1864
- Agarwal, B. 1997. “‘Bargaining’” and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household. Feminist Economics, 3, 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/135457097338799
- Agha, N. 2021. Household Power Structure and Women’s Negotiation with Patriarchy. Gender, Sexualities and Culture in Asia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6859-3_6
- Alicia, A., Hartanti, H., & Yunanto, T. 2021. Istriku, Pahlawanku: Dinamika Resiliensi dan Peran Istri dalam Keluarga yang Suaminya Sakit dan Tidak Bisa Bekerja Lagi. PSIKODIMENSIA. https://doi.org/10.24167/psidim.v20i1.3137
- Black, K., & Lobo, M. 2008. A Conceptual Review of Family Resilience Factors. Journal of Family Nursing, 14, 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840707312237
- D’souza, S., & Kapoor, B. 2024. Bargaining Freedoms: How Women in Urban India Experience a Sense of Agency. Human Arenas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-024-00444-z
- Elias, A. 2020. Gender and bargaining power in historical context. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788976763.00018
- Erandy, R., Izzati, N., & Darmawan, A. 2024. Domestic Revolution: Aligning Career and Household with Gender Equality Principles. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies. https://doi.org/10.30984/kijms.v5i1.1004
- Fadmawaty, A., & Wasludin, W. 2021. The Effect of the Belief System, Family Organizations and Family Communication on Covid-19 Prevention Behaviour: the Perspective of Family Resilience. International Journal of Disaster Management. https://doi.org/10.24815/ijdm.v4i2.20411
- Hamim, N., Addiarto, W., & Rahmat, N. N. 2024. Family Resilience in Preventing Covid-19 Pandemic. JI-KES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan). https://doi.org/10.33006/jikes.v8i1.784
- Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
- Huang, Y., Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, L., & Dong, C. 2023. Finding family resilience in adversity: A grounded theory of families with children diagnosed with leukaemia. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16615
- Johnson, M., Kollie, S. T., Diallo, A., & Bah, M. 2025. Negotiating Gender and Informality: Domestic Roles and Women’s Economic Participation in Margibi, Liberia. Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora. https://doi.org/10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss1pp258-275
- Jusmiati, Suraya Attamimi, Darlis, M. Z. H. 2025. Kaili Women ’ s Family Functioning in Central Sulawesi , Indonesia. 18(1), 103–126.
- Jusmiati. 2023. Meningkatkan Keberfungsian Keluarga melalui Family Rituals dan Relevansinya terhadap Budaya Anti Kekerasan Seksual. Nosipakabelo: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam, 3(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.24239/nosipakabelo.v3i2.1677
- Kagitcibasi, C. 2005. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959
- Low, R., Overall, N., Cross, E., & Henderson, A. 2019. Emotion regulation, conflict resolution, and spillover on subsequent family functioning. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000519
- Mawarpury, M., & Mirza, M. 2017. RESILIENSI DALAM KELUARGA: PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI. 2, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v2i1.1829
- Panzeri, A., Bottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Scalavicci, C., Spoto, A., & Vidotto, G. 2024. Emotional Regulation, Coping, and Resilience in Informal Caregivers: A Network Analysis Approach. Behavioral Sciences, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080709
- Saikia, P., & Sharma, A. 2024. Unveiling the Gender Nuances of Wisdom in Negotiation: An Experimental Analysis through Negotiation Game. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v46.012
- Maisyanah, M., & Asror, M. 2024. Resilience of Women with Dual Roles in Higher Education Institutions: A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Malaysian Female Muslim Lecturer. PALASTREN: Jurnal Studi Gender, 17(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v17i1.26442
- Sukma Erni, Ellya Roza, Yasnel, Johanda, M. Agar Kalipke, Cut Raudhatul Miski, Norhazlina, H. 2024. Woman: The Catalyst for Social Education and Local Wisdom of Sakai Community in Riau. Al-Qalam Jurnal Penelitian Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 30(2), 239–252.
- Sepehrianazar, F., & Chitsaz, M. 2025. Effectiveness of a Family-Centered Emotion Regulation Intervention on Adolescent Anger, Psychological Resilience, and Family Intimacy. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture. https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v12i3.509
- Syafni, S., Bayhakki, B., Lestari, W., Wahyuni, S., & Amir, Y. 2025. Hubungan keyakinan diri (self efficacy), stres kerja, dukungan keluarga, dan penempatan ruangan kerja dengan ketahanan mental (hardiness). Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i12.594
- Sztányi-Szekér, B., Hőgye-Nagy, Á., & Szemán-Nagy, A. 2024. Relationships between work-family conflict and family structure in the lives of working mothers in Hungary – a pilot study. BMC Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01925-0
- Tan, Y., Pinder, D., Bayoumi, I., Carter, R., Cole, M., Jackson, L., Watson, A., Knox, B., Nguyen, S. C., Ford, M., & Davison, C. M. 2024. Family and community resilience: a Photovoice study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02142-2
- Taurino, A., Cassibba, R., Semeraro, C., Coppola, G., Dentamaro, M., & Musso, P. 2025. Psychological and relational adjustment under stress: the mediating role of emotion regulation in parents’ functioning during the COVID-19 crisis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1678034
- Ustunel, A., Boratav, H. B., & Fisek, G. 2022. Negotiating power and relationship throughout marital life: narratives of middle-aged women from Turkey. Journal of Family Studies, 29, 1319–1345. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2022.2045211
- Utama, R. R. 2023. KAILI WOMEN IN STRENGTHENING THE FAMILY ECONOMY Roman Rezki Utama. 07(02), 196–205.
- Utama, R. R., & Roslinwati, R. 2024. Kaili Women in Strengthening The Family Economy. HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies, 7(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v7i2.8107
- Vertsberger, D., Roskam, I., Talmon, A., Van Bakel, H., Hall, R., Mikolajczak, M., & Gross, J. 2021. Emotion regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic: risk and resilience factors for parental burnout (IIPB). Cognition and Emotion, 36, 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2021.2005544
- Vladislav, E., Marc, G., Paica, C.-I., & Pop, O. 2024. Family resilience in a social-ecological context – emotional difficulties and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421745
- Vladislav, E. O., Marc, G., & Paica, C. 2024. Family resilience in a social-ecological context – emotional difficulties and coping strategies. July 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421745
- Wahyudin, D. 2022. Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial, Religiusitas dan Strategi Koping Terhadap Ketahanan Keluarga di Desa Sagaranten Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sagaranten Kabupaten Sukabumi. Risenologi. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2022.71a.335
- Walsh, F. 1996. The concept of family resilience: crisis and challenge. Family Process, 35 3, 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x
- Walsh, F. 2021. Family Resilience. Multisystemic Resilience. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428436_chapter_15
- Interview :
- Interview with Emi (Homemaker), 2024.
- Interview with Husnia (Civil Servant Teacher), 2024.
- Interview with Kartini (Homemaker), 2024.
- Interview with Lili (Homemaker), 2024.
- Interview with Saidah (Homemaker), 2024.
- Interview with Saraeni (Homemaker), 2024.
References
Abubakar, F., Saadah, M., & Na’mah, U. 2023. The Transformation of the Dilemma of Role Exchange in the Household: Analyzed Gender in Family Resilience Discourse in National Law and Islamic Law. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah. https://doi.org/10.30984/jis.v21i1.1864
Agarwal, B. 1997. “‘Bargaining’” and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household. Feminist Economics, 3, 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/135457097338799
Agha, N. 2021. Household Power Structure and Women’s Negotiation with Patriarchy. Gender, Sexualities and Culture in Asia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6859-3_6
Alicia, A., Hartanti, H., & Yunanto, T. 2021. Istriku, Pahlawanku: Dinamika Resiliensi dan Peran Istri dalam Keluarga yang Suaminya Sakit dan Tidak Bisa Bekerja Lagi. PSIKODIMENSIA. https://doi.org/10.24167/psidim.v20i1.3137
Black, K., & Lobo, M. 2008. A Conceptual Review of Family Resilience Factors. Journal of Family Nursing, 14, 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840707312237
D’souza, S., & Kapoor, B. 2024. Bargaining Freedoms: How Women in Urban India Experience a Sense of Agency. Human Arenas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-024-00444-z
Elias, A. 2020. Gender and bargaining power in historical context. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788976763.00018
Erandy, R., Izzati, N., & Darmawan, A. 2024. Domestic Revolution: Aligning Career and Household with Gender Equality Principles. Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies. https://doi.org/10.30984/kijms.v5i1.1004
Fadmawaty, A., & Wasludin, W. 2021. The Effect of the Belief System, Family Organizations and Family Communication on Covid-19 Prevention Behaviour: the Perspective of Family Resilience. International Journal of Disaster Management. https://doi.org/10.24815/ijdm.v4i2.20411
Hamim, N., Addiarto, W., & Rahmat, N. N. 2024. Family Resilience in Preventing Covid-19 Pandemic. JI-KES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan). https://doi.org/10.33006/jikes.v8i1.784
Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Huang, Y., Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, L., & Dong, C. 2023. Finding family resilience in adversity: A grounded theory of families with children diagnosed with leukaemia. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16615
Johnson, M., Kollie, S. T., Diallo, A., & Bah, M. 2025. Negotiating Gender and Informality: Domestic Roles and Women’s Economic Participation in Margibi, Liberia. Baileo: Jurnal Sosial Humaniora. https://doi.org/10.30598/baileofisipvol3iss1pp258-275
Jusmiati, Suraya Attamimi, Darlis, M. Z. H. 2025. Kaili Women ’ s Family Functioning in Central Sulawesi , Indonesia. 18(1), 103–126.
Jusmiati. 2023. Meningkatkan Keberfungsian Keluarga melalui Family Rituals dan Relevansinya terhadap Budaya Anti Kekerasan Seksual. Nosipakabelo: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling Islam, 3(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.24239/nosipakabelo.v3i2.1677
Kagitcibasi, C. 2005. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959
Low, R., Overall, N., Cross, E., & Henderson, A. 2019. Emotion regulation, conflict resolution, and spillover on subsequent family functioning. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000519
Mawarpury, M., & Mirza, M. 2017. RESILIENSI DALAM KELUARGA: PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI. 2, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.22373/psikoislamedia.v2i1.1829
Panzeri, A., Bottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Scalavicci, C., Spoto, A., & Vidotto, G. 2024. Emotional Regulation, Coping, and Resilience in Informal Caregivers: A Network Analysis Approach. Behavioral Sciences, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080709
Saikia, P., & Sharma, A. 2024. Unveiling the Gender Nuances of Wisdom in Negotiation: An Experimental Analysis through Negotiation Game. International Journal of Experimental Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v46.012
Maisyanah, M., & Asror, M. 2024. Resilience of Women with Dual Roles in Higher Education Institutions: A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Malaysian Female Muslim Lecturer. PALASTREN: Jurnal Studi Gender, 17(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v17i1.26442
Sukma Erni, Ellya Roza, Yasnel, Johanda, M. Agar Kalipke, Cut Raudhatul Miski, Norhazlina, H. 2024. Woman: The Catalyst for Social Education and Local Wisdom of Sakai Community in Riau. Al-Qalam Jurnal Penelitian Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 30(2), 239–252.
Sepehrianazar, F., & Chitsaz, M. 2025. Effectiveness of a Family-Centered Emotion Regulation Intervention on Adolescent Anger, Psychological Resilience, and Family Intimacy. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture. https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v12i3.509
Syafni, S., Bayhakki, B., Lestari, W., Wahyuni, S., & Amir, Y. 2025. Hubungan keyakinan diri (self efficacy), stres kerja, dukungan keluarga, dan penempatan ruangan kerja dengan ketahanan mental (hardiness). Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i12.594
Sztányi-Szekér, B., Hőgye-Nagy, Á., & Szemán-Nagy, A. 2024. Relationships between work-family conflict and family structure in the lives of working mothers in Hungary – a pilot study. BMC Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01925-0
Tan, Y., Pinder, D., Bayoumi, I., Carter, R., Cole, M., Jackson, L., Watson, A., Knox, B., Nguyen, S. C., Ford, M., & Davison, C. M. 2024. Family and community resilience: a Photovoice study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02142-2
Taurino, A., Cassibba, R., Semeraro, C., Coppola, G., Dentamaro, M., & Musso, P. 2025. Psychological and relational adjustment under stress: the mediating role of emotion regulation in parents’ functioning during the COVID-19 crisis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1678034
Ustunel, A., Boratav, H. B., & Fisek, G. 2022. Negotiating power and relationship throughout marital life: narratives of middle-aged women from Turkey. Journal of Family Studies, 29, 1319–1345. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2022.2045211
Utama, R. R. 2023. KAILI WOMEN IN STRENGTHENING THE FAMILY ECONOMY Roman Rezki Utama. 07(02), 196–205.
Utama, R. R., & Roslinwati, R. 2024. Kaili Women in Strengthening The Family Economy. HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies, 7(2), 196. https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v7i2.8107
Vertsberger, D., Roskam, I., Talmon, A., Van Bakel, H., Hall, R., Mikolajczak, M., & Gross, J. 2021. Emotion regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic: risk and resilience factors for parental burnout (IIPB). Cognition and Emotion, 36, 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2021.2005544
Vladislav, E., Marc, G., Paica, C.-I., & Pop, O. 2024. Family resilience in a social-ecological context – emotional difficulties and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421745
Vladislav, E. O., Marc, G., & Paica, C. 2024. Family resilience in a social-ecological context – emotional difficulties and coping strategies. July 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1421745
Wahyudin, D. 2022. Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial, Religiusitas dan Strategi Koping Terhadap Ketahanan Keluarga di Desa Sagaranten Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sagaranten Kabupaten Sukabumi. Risenologi. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2022.71a.335
Walsh, F. 1996. The concept of family resilience: crisis and challenge. Family Process, 35 3, 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x
Walsh, F. 2021. Family Resilience. Multisystemic Resilience. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428436_chapter_15
Interview :
Interview with Emi (Homemaker), 2024.
Interview with Husnia (Civil Servant Teacher), 2024.
Interview with Kartini (Homemaker), 2024.
Interview with Lili (Homemaker), 2024.
Interview with Saidah (Homemaker), 2024.
Interview with Saraeni (Homemaker), 2024.