Al-Qalam

INTEGRATING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING WITH ISLAMIC PRACTICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES AND RELIGIOUS ENGAGEMENT

Dena Sri Anugrah, Udin Supriadi, Saepul Anwar, Nur Muhammad Lathif — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Islamic education emphasizes holistic development that includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, with the aim of forming individuals who are intellectually intelligent and moral. This study examines the integration of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with Islamic practices in the context of formal education, through a systematic review guided by the PRISMA framework of 42 Scopus-database articles from 2014 to 2024. This study aims to answer three main research questions, namely: (1) what are the forms of PBL integration in Islamic practices in formal education, (2) the impact of PBL integration on educational outcomes, and (3) the impact of PBL integration on students' religious engagement. Key findings from the literature include the identification of four main forms of integration, including curriculum design, interdisciplinary learning, character education, and digital contextual learning. These approaches significantly contributed to the improvement of students' religious understanding, skills and practices. The results of the review show that PBL integration in Islamic education can improve the quality of education by linking theory and practice, and developing students' character and skills. In addition, it has a significant impact on students' understanding, thinking skills (HOTS), and positive attitude towards learning, as well as strengthening religious engagement through increased active participation, deep understanding, and social engagement. The implications of this study suggest that PBL can effectively prepare students for the intellectual and ethical challenges in their lives.

THE ROLE OF THE KHALWATIYAH SAMMANIYAH TAREKAT IN PROMOTING POLITICAL ETHICS IN MAROS REGENCY

Andi Jufri, Rosmini Rosmini, Muh. Tahir, Latifah Abdul Majid — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the role of the Khalwatiyah Sammaniyah Tarekat in promoting political ethics in Maros Regency. As a long-established Sufi order in Indonesian society, the Khalwatiyah Sammaniyah Tarekat plays a significant role in shaping political behavior and morality at the local level. The research explores the contributions of this Sufi order in promoting ethical political practices in Maros. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews with religious leaders (mursyid of the Khalwatiyah Sammaniyah Tarekat), local stakeholders, and community members affiliated with the order. The study also incorporates relevant literature on the history and principles of the Khalwatiyah Sammaniyah Tarekat, political ethics, moral development theories, and the role of Sufi orders in the Indonesian sociopolitical context. Findings indicate that the Khalwatiyah Sammaniyah Tarekat actively promotes values such as simplicity, tolerance, and honesty, which are essential for fostering ethical political behavior. This study offers insight into how religious and spiritual institutions contribute to the development of a more ethical political culture in the Maros Regency.

SACRED MYTHS OF THE CEREKANG INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY: LOCAL WISDOM STRATEGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the sacred myths upheld by the Cerekang Indigenous Community, conceptualized through ideas of "prohibition" and "necessity" regarding actions in specific natural locations. These myths function not only as local normative systems but also as expressions of ecological wisdom that guide the community in protecting the natural environment from damage. The Cerekang community continues to preserve these ancestral beliefs, which are deeply integrated into their cultural identity and daily practices. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed to explore the traditional myths in the Cerekang Customary Area, Malili District, East Luwu Regency. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews with local community members, and then analyzed by drawing connections with literary references, particularly I La Galigo volume 1 (ms NBG 188), featuring Batara Guru as the central figure. Findings reveal that the core of the myth centers on Pengsimaoni Hill, believed to be the site where Batara Guru descended from the upper world (botillangi). This sacred narrative forms the basis for protecting ten natural toponyms within the Cerekang area. These toponyms, each linked to Batara Guru’s journey, shape local norms that define what is allowed and prohibited in daily conduct. The myths serve as moral guidelines, fostering respect for nature and reinforcing social cohesion. By embedding ecological values in cultural narratives, the myths act as a local wisdom system that protects the environment and uphold communal identity. In essence, these sacred myths reflect a deeply rooted environmental ethic that continues to guide the lives of the Cerekang people.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANDROID-BASED BUGIS MORAL TEACHING APPLICATION FOR SHAPING THE ATTITUDES OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach aimed at developing a
mobile application that presents traditional Bugis moral teachings, specifically intended to
foster positive attitudes among the younger generation. The motivation for this development
stems from the limited availability of Bugis proverbs and advice in digital formats and the
growing lack of awareness and engagement with ancestral wisdom among today’s youth. The
development process followed the Luther model, which includes stages such as concept,
design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The application was
evaluated through expert validation and user testing. Media experts rated the application
with an average score of 3.8, corresponding to a quality percentage of 76%, while material
experts gave an average score of 4.1, equivalent to 82%. Furthermore, user testing yielded
an average score of 63.25, with a quality percentage of 84%. These results indicate that the
application is considered feasible and effective, meeting criteria of practicality and ease of
use. Therefore, the Bugis moral teaching application holds potential as an innovative tool to
preserve cultural values and support character education for young users.

BECOMING A WARIA SHALIHAH: ASPIRATIONS OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOSITY AT PESANTREN AL-FATAH, YOGYAKARTA

Alfajar Nugraha, Ahmad Fauzi, Lidya Kandowangko, Almunauwar Bin Rusli — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The movement to become a waria shalihah has gained significant momentum at Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Al-Fatah Yogyakarta. However, this rise in religious piety among waria has faced resistance from segments of the local Muslim community that hold anti-LGBTQ sentiments. In the Indonesian context, waria is a locally specific term combining wanita (woman) and pria (man) and refers to individuals assigned male at birth who embody a feminine gender identity. This study, based on a qualitative ethnographic approach and the sociology of knowledge framework, identified two key findings. First, the Islamic religiosity aspirations of the waria congregants at Pesantren Al-Fatah are expressed through contextual interpretations of Qur’anic verses such as Surah An-Nisa:124, Al-Hujurat:13, and An-Nur:31. These interpretations affirm their waria identity and serve as a response to ideological attacks from the Islamic Jihad Front (FJI), which draws on verses such as An-Nisa:1, Al-A’raf:81, and Ash-Shu’ara:173–174 to challenge their religious legitimacy. The FJI’s actions are motivated by a desire to prevent the waria in Yogyakarta from achieving socio-political influence similar to transgender communities in Taiwan or Thailand. Second, the waria’s pursuit of Islamic piety has led to new devotional practices, including performing umrah. For instance, YS aspires to become a Nyai, a respected religious woman within the waria Islamic tradition who can guide future generations of students at Pesantren Al-Fatah. These findings suggest that a fiqh waria (waria Islamic jurisprudence) approach could inform inclusive and contextualized Islamic education in contemporary Indonesia. The waria congregants at Pesantren Al-Fatah affirms that being a waria shalilah is both a human right and aligned with Islamic principles. Pesantren Al-Fatah Yogyakarta has become a symbol of the deconstruction, rationalization, and contextualization of waria civic and political futures in contemporary Indonesia.

BRIDGING THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL DIVIDE: ARSYAD AL-BANJARI'S MA'RIFAH AS A RESPONSE TO WESTERN EPISTEMOLOGICAL DILEMMAS

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Western epistemology encounters significant challenges due to its secular and materialistic orientation, which restricts the sources of knowledge to sensory perception and empirical experimentation. This study analyzes Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari’s concept of ma‘rifah as an epistemological alternative to these dilemmas. Adopting a qualitative, library-based method, the research applies Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña’s analytical model, framed within an integration of Islamic epistemological principles and comparative philosophical analysis. The primary source is Kanz al-Ma‘rifah by al-Banjari, supported by cross-referenced verification. The findings indicate that, according to al-Banjari, ma‘rifah is attainable through three key paths: Nūr Muhammad, mutu qabla an tamūtu, and fanā’. This concept provides an epistemological paradigm that integrates physical and metaphysical dimensions of knowledge, reconciles rational and intuitive methodologies, and transcends the subject-object dichotomy through spiritual experience. Through the ‘irfānī method focusing on purification of the heart and spiritual discipline, ma‘rifah offers a comprehensive epistemology that refines rational and sensory faculties, thereby presenting a critical alternative to the empiricism that dominates Western epistemology.

OPTIMIZATION OF MORALS MATERIAL IN PAI LEARNING AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL: SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PERSPECTIVE

Bunga Anisa Hikayat, Saepul Anwar, Nisa Muflihah, Rizka Febriani — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Coaching moral students in Indonesia has become the biggest challenge, as there is evidence from various government and institutional data showing a high number of bullying incidents, especially at the elementary level, including School Intermediate First (Junior High School). This article discusses the optimization of PAI element material morals that also play a role in building moral students. In particular, research was conducted to study various components of PAI element material morals based on Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. This method is qualitative descriptive, analyzing data sources in the PAI Teacher and Student Book, as well as supporting data from related literature. The results showed a mismatch between the teaching materials and the achievement learning that has been determined, specifically Mark Sincere and Loving Darling, which are not listed in the textbook. Based on perspective theory and social cognitive research, this highlights the importance of coaching morals and their application through three aspects: personal, behavioral, and environmental. Implications study. This is an important analysis, evaluation, and development of PAI teaching materials to meet the needs of students and the national education system.

DEMOCRATIC CALIPHATE: A RECONCILIATION OF THE CALIPHATE AND DEMOCRACY THROUGH THE LENS OF PROPHETIC SOCIAL SCIENCE

Mustamin Giling, Aldi Hidayat, Khaerul Asy’ary Ulama’i — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The encounter between Islam and the West has resulted in an ongoing dynamic of compromise and resistance that persists today. While there are areas of convergence between the two, their differences remain pronounced in certain fundamental aspects. One such area is their conceptualization of the state. The West advocates democracy as the prevailing global political model, whereas Islam introduces the caliphate, a political system that places divine sovereignty at its core. This dichotomy has been widely explored by scholars, intellectuals, and academics. However, few efforts have been made to reconcile these two systems through the framework of Prophetic Social Science, a paradigm of Islamic thought developed by Indonesian reformer Kuntowijoyo. This study seeks to fill that gap by employing Prophetic Social Science as an analytical tool to construct an academic and humane synthesis between the caliphate and democracy, without stripping Islam of its essential values and principles. The study addresses two central questions: What is the conceptual and thematic understanding of the caliphate in Islam? How can it be reconciled with democratic principles through the lens of Prophetic Social Science? From these questions, two hypotheses emerge: first, that the caliphate does not prescribe a fixed governmental structure, but rather embodies universal values such as justice, equality, welfare, education, and prosperity—values that are also recognized globally. Second, Prophetic Social Science, as a transformative Islamic paradigm in the contemporary era, offers a framework for articulating and implementing these values within democratic contexts.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARDS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO LEARNING QUALITY IN MADRASAH DINIYAH TAKMILIYAH

Tri Yugo — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the influence of implementing Minimum Service Standards (SPM) on the learning quality at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah (MDTA). SPM serves as a critical framework designed to ensure the quality of educational services in MDTA, encompassing elements such as curriculum, infrastructure, and teacher competence. Employing a quantitative approach with linear regression analysis, the study involves 45 MDTAs in the Baleendah District. The findings indicate that the implementation of SPM significantly affects learning quality, with an R Square value of 0.886, meaning that SPM implementation accounts for 88.6% of the variation in learning quality. Other influential factors include teacher competence and the availability of infrastructure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Ministry of Religious Affairs enhance professional development for teachers and improve infrastructure in MDTAs, particularly in remote areas. These efforts are expected to further improve the quality of religious education in MDTA and ensure equitable application of SPM across Indonesia.

REPRESENTATION OF POPULAR ISLAM IN DIGITAL SPACE: RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN SUFI EXPRESSIONS ON THE INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT “_zukkk”

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The development of digital technology and social media has transformed the landscape of religious practices, particularly in the context of Popular Islam in Indonesia. This article examines the representation of Popular Islam through Sufi expressions on the Instagram account _zukkk, focusing on how visually Sufi-inspired representations convey messages of tolerance and religious inclusivity in the digital space. Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach is used to analyze the visual meanings in these digital artworks, while Stuart Hall’s theory of representation is applied to understand how these meanings are constructed and negotiated within social and media contexts. The analysis shows that the Sufi expressions on _zukkk are not merely artistic works, but a social construction that emphasizes the values of moderation and openness in Popular Islam. Sufism, as the spiritual foundation of this expression, also helps shape an inclusive and tolerant view of religion, engaging in interfaith dialogue amidst the dominant narratives of conservative and digital religiosity. This study also highlights the important role of social media as a space for negotiating meaning, where visual representation becomes an effective medium for spreading spiritual and social messages. This research contributes to the study of Popular Islam and digital media by presenting Sufism as an inclusive discourse that is visually represented and socially produced within the digital realm. These findings encourage a new understanding of the relationship between art, spirituality, and religious tolerance in the complex and diverse virtual world.

INSTILLING RELIGIOUS CHARACTER VALUES THROUGH CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AT DARUD DAKWAH WAL-IRSYAD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, PALU

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to examine the implementation of classroom management strategies oriented toward instilling religious character values at Darud Dakwah Wal-Irsyad Elementary School in Palu, Indonesia. The central focus of this research is to understand how values such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, care, devotion, tolerance, respect, cleanliness, and neatness can be effectively embedded through well-structured classroom management. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that religious value-oriented classroom management positively influences students’ attitudes, particularly in fostering cleanliness, orderliness, and mutual respect. Students demonstrated improved personal and environmental hygiene, neat dress and classroom arrangements, and respectful behavior toward teachers and peers. Contributing factors to this success include meticulous planning, consistent implementation, ongoing evaluation, and active parental involvement. The study concludes that character-oriented classroom management serves as an effective approach to shaping students’ moral and religious characters. The success of such implementation largely depends on institutional commitment and collaboration among teachers, parents, and the school community.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTING HALAL MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE MSME INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research examines digital transformation strategies for implementing halal management in the MSME industry in Pakistan. The main problem in this research is the low level of adoption of digital technology in the halal MSME sector, which is caused by limited resources, low digital literacy, and a lack of regulations that support digitalization. This research analyzes strategies halal MSMEs can implement to utilize digital technology to increase business efficiency, expand market access, and ensure compliance with halal standards. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis from various sources, including MSMEs, halal certification institutions, and digital economy experts. Analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The research results show that digital transformation can increase the competitiveness of halal MSMEs through the adoption of e-commerce, social media-based marketing, and Sharia-based digital payment systems. However, challenges in implementing technology are still significant, especially in regulation and digital literacy. Therefore, synergy is needed between the government, academia, and the private sector to create a business environment that supports the digital transformation of halal MSMEs in Pakistan.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF DIGITAL LEARNING IN STATE ISLAMIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS (MAN) IN MAKASSAR

Syawal Kurnia Putra, Baso Marannu, Noor Insyiraah Abu Bakar, Ali Hanafi — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to explore and analyze the digital learning transformations in State Islamic Senior High Schools in Makassar. In the era of advanced information and communication technology, the digital learning integration becomes an urgent need in the education field, including Islamic schools (madrasahs). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a study case method, which focuses on digital learning transformation in Islamic State Senior High Schools in Makassar. The study was conducted at three locations: State Islamic Senior High School 1 (MAN 1) on Talasalapang street, State Islamic Senior High School 2 (MAN 2) on AP. Pettarani street, and State Islamic Senior High School 3 (MAN 3) on Perintis Kemerdekaan street. The research informants were the principals, vice principals in charge of curriculum, and 30 teachers who teach in grade X, XI, and XII. Data were gathered by purposive sampling method, which included observations, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that State Islamic Senior High Schools in Makassar have shifted toward the digital era by implementing web-based learning method. Through this method, students gained easier access to online learning processes through madrasah e-learning platform or Learning Management System (LMS) specifically designed to support education in today’s digital era. Technology-based teaching methods are the integral part of instructional strategies, creating more personal and interactive learning experiences. This research highlights the importance of adaptation in technology in madrasah education to improve the quality and effectiveness of learning in the digital era.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IDEAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE MODEL FOR PRIVATE ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: A CASE STUDY AT BHAKTI PERSADA ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF BANDUNG

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study is motivated by high expectations and government recognition of the strategic role of Private Islamic Higher Education Institutions (PTKIS), which have not been supported by an optimal organizational structure, particularly at Bhakti Persada Islamic College of Bandung (STAI Bhaper). The lack of adaptive organizational structure hinders the effectiveness of governance and the achievement of institutional goals. This research aims to formulate an ideal organizational structure model which aligns with the dynamic needs of PTKIS and the current regulations. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing a case study method, and draws on Henry Mintzberg’s organizational theory, as well as foundation and PTKIS regulations. Data were collected through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. Then, data were analyzed using Albert Humphrey’s SWOT model and validated with Lincoln and Guba’s trustworthiness criteria. The results of the study show that the current organizational structure tends to be bureaucratic with rigid work standards and strict supervision, but has the potential to transform into a more flexible professional organization. The main strength is in the leadership’s commitment and compliance with regulations, while the weakness is in the suboptimal coordination and limited resources. Digitalization and governance reform become strategic opportunities, while internal resistance emerges as the main challenge. This study recommends the implementation of a professional organizational model centered on strengthening managerial capacity, administrative digitalization, and competency-based coordination, which is expected to enhance the governance of STAI Bhakti Persada and become a trademark for other Private Islamic Higher Institutions (PTKIS).

THE SOMBALABU TRADITION IN THE TOLAKI TRIBE OF KONAWE REGENCY: AN ISLAMIC LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the Sombalabu tradition from the perspective of Islamic law, emphasizing its validity within both customary and religious frameworks. Utilizing an ethnographic approach, this qualitative research aims to understand cultural phenomena within their natural contexts. Informants were selected through purposive sampling and included three Islamic religious scholars and two Tolaki traditional leaders, whose perspectives are essential in capturing the socio-cultural dimensions of Sombalabu. Data were primarily collected through in-depth interviews, focusing on the core essence of the tradition and its relation to Islamic marriage principles. The findings indicate that Sombalabu is not recognized as a valid form of marriage or divorce under Islamic law, due to the absence of a valid marriage contract (ijab-qabul) and the failure to follow the prescribed legal
The Sombalabu Tradition In The Tolaki … - Jumasran, et. al | 195
procedures governing divorce. Furthermore, the study reveals that Sombalabu does not meet the criteria of ‘urf shahih (valid custom), rendering it legally void. The ethnographic analysis also shows that the detrimental consequences of Sombalabu outweigh any perceived benefits, making it incompatible with Islamic legal values. Given its potential to disrupt social order and individual well-being, the study concludes that Sombalabu should not be acknowledged as a legitimate practice within Islamic jurisprudence.

ENGAGING NON-STATE ACTOR IN SECOND-TRACK DIPLOMACY: A STUDY OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA IN PROMOTING MODERATE ISLAM

Ridwan Ridwan, Kamilatul Farikhah , Yusuf R Yanuri — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia employs second-track diplomacy by engaging Islamic mass organizations as non-state actors and undertakes various forms of interfaith diplomacy to promote moderate Islam and achieve global peace. This article explains Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) 's efforts in promoting moderate Islam and addressing several global issues. The authors argue that Indonesia's collaboration with NU in the second-track diplomacy to project itself as a moderate Muslim country and utilize NU's influence to promote peace, tolerance, and interfaith dialogue globally. Hence, this partnership aims to enhance Indonesia's international reputation and address global challenges caused by religious and cultural misunderstandings. Overall, this article enriches the literature on Indonesia's global identity as a moderate Muslim nation shaped by the cooperation between the state and non-state actors.